Hungary on Monday gave the army drastic new powers to protect its borders, as the UN chief said he was "extremely concerned" about the treatment of migrants and refugees in overstretched Europe.

On the eve of two key European Union meetings, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appealed to leaders across the 28-nation bloc, urging them to "show leadership and compassion" as the continent grapples with it worst migration crisis since World War II.

"The secretary-general is extremely concerned about the deteriorating situation facing refugees and migrants arriving across Europe," said a statement in which he expressed concern about European borders being closed, the lack of proper facilities to receive newcomers and the increased use of detention against them.

His statement was issued shortly after Hungary said it was broadening the military's powers to block the entry of migrants seeking passage to northern Europe, many of whom are refugees fleeing the conflict in Syria.

Hundreds of thousands of people have already made it into western Europe this year, heaping pressure on countries along the migrant trail, some of whom have closed their borders, while others have sought to divert the flow elsewhere.

After sealing off its southern border with Serbia last week and passing a series of tough new anti-migrant laws, Hungary on Monday approved further legislation allowing the army to participate in border control.

It also gave troops the right to use rubber bullets, tear gas and net guns at the border "in a non-lethal way, unless it cannot be avoided".

Last week, other legislation came into force allowing Hungary to jail anyone caught crossing the border illegally, which carries a maximum fine of five years in prison.

Migrants are "overrunning" Europe, with the continent's borders and way of life under threat, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban told MPs.

"They're not just banging on the door, they're breaking the door down on top of us.

"Our borders are in danger, our way of life built on respect for the law, Hungary and the whole of Europe is in danger."

- 'Very painful situation' -

The crisis has exposed deep rifts within the European Union, particularly between members in the former communist east and the wealthier west, the migrants' preferred destination.

EU interior ministers will meet on Tuesday ahead of a bloc-wide emergency summit on Wednesday.

Ahead of the meeting, Ban appealed for leaders to "forge a common approach which is in line with their international obligations and honours the letter and spirit of the United Nations charter."

And Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, who was sworn in on Monday a day after being reelected, called for responsibility to be shared.

Europe "must share out responsibility among all member states ... Otherwise there is no point in talking about a united Europe."

Top diplomats from Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, all of whom have rejected an EU proposal for binding quotas, met in Prague with their counterpart from Luxembourg, which holds the EU presidency.

Despite their opposition to the quota proposal, Czech Foreign Minister Lubomir Zaoralek insisted they were "absolutely dedicated" to reaching agreement with fellow EU nations, acknowledging the need for "joint collective action to accelerate the solution to the still very painful situation."

Sources in Brussels said EU ministers were considering a watered-down plan to relocate migrants and refugees, which would drop binding quotas and leave recalcitrant Hungary out of the scheme altogether.

- Blocked in Istanbul, Calais -

Unaware of the diplomatic wranglings currently taking place, thousands of people were still on the move throughout Europe, many trying to reach the perceived safe havens of Germany and Sweden.

In Turkey, a few hundred mostly-Syrian refugees who had spent the night camped on the hard shoulder of a motorway outside Istanbul were stopped by police after walking along the emergency lane in the midst of heavy morning traffic.

They had been blocked for the past week at Istanbul's main bus station, and were trying to reach Edirne in the northwest, which has become a new rallying point for migrants trying to reach Europe.

At the other end of the continent, a group of nearly 400 people, mostly Syrian refugees desperate to cross the Channel to England, were left without shelter around the French port city of Calais after police broke down several makeshift camps that have sprung up, firing teargas to fend off protesters.

So far this year, nearly half a million people have undertaken the dangerous journey across the Mediterranean to reach Europe, official figures show. Some 2,800 have died en route.

At the weekend, at least 13 more drowned, among them six children, when the inflatable dinghy carrying them from Turkey to Greece collided with a ship.
Source: AFP