Rodrigo Duterte ends his first year as Philippine president on Friday as a hugely popular leader, after taking Filipinos on a promised "rough ride" of drug war killings and foreign policy U-turns.
Duterte has been heavily criticised for his unprecedented crackdown on drugs, which has claimed thousands of lives, and he marks 12 months in office enduring the biggest crisis of his rule as Islamist militants occupy parts of a southern city.
The 72-year-old has also upended decades of foreign policy stability, launching verbal bombs against traditional ally the United States while steering the Philippines closer to authoritarian regimes in China and Russia.
Yet an overwhelming majority of Filipinos support him, according to a series of surveys by pollsters over the past 12 months, with the most recent one showing 75 percent were satisfied with his administration's performance.
"People like the man," Ricardo Abad, head of sociology and anthropology at Ateneo University in Manila, told AFP, referring to Duterte's decisive leadership style.
"People may disagree with his policies, or are maybe ambivalent towards them, but because they like him, people will tend to give him the benefit of the doubt."
Many people overseas know Duterte for his apparent joy in prosecuting his drug war - he said he was "happy to slaughter" millions of addicts - as well as gutter language in which critics are frequently called "sons of whores".
"He brought an entirely new style of leadership, which people probably thought we needed," Edmund Tayao, a political science professor at the University of Santo Tomas, told AFP.
In his inauguration speech, Duterte typically sought not to sugarcoat his plans for the Philippines.
"The ride will be rough. But come join me just the same," Duterte said.
The roughest part of the ride had for most of the past year been his crackdown on drugs.
Police killed 3,171 drug suspects, according to official figures.
Unknown assailants killed another 2,098 people in drug-related crimes, while there were 8,200 more murders with no known motive, according to the police.
Rights groups and other critics warned Duterte may be orchestrating a crime against humanity, alleging he had unleashed corrupt police and vigilante death squads on a campaign of mass murder.
Duterte had made the drug war the top focus of his presidency until May 23, when gunmen rampaged through the southern city of Marawi flying black flags of Daesh.
He immediately imposed martial law across the southern third of the Philippines, home to roughly 20 million people, to quell what he said was a Daesh bid to establish a local caliphate.
But despite a relentless bombing campaign backed by the United States, Duterte's military has been unable to dislodge the militants. The fighting has claimed more than 400 lives, according to the government, and it shows no signs of ending.
Another example of Duterte's popularity is his "super majority" in the lower house of congress, where there are just seven opposition members in the 296-member chamber.
Even one of the opposition lawmakers, Edcel Lagman, offered grudging praise this week.
"Despite his unpresidential demeanour, profane language, abusive rhetoric and flawed policy statements, President Rodrigo Duterte, in his own inscrutable way, has held the nation togeher," he said.
But Lagman said, with Duterte's promises of "change" yet to become reality, his popularity had started to slide.
If that is happening, Duterte's "super majority" could fall apart.
In the Philippines, lawmakers from parties across the political spectrum typically flock to a popular president in the early stages of his or her term.
But the politicians, driven by self-interest rather than ideology, have also in the past quickly jumped off the bandwagon when approval ratings dropped.

source: Khaleejtimes