President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has signed into law controversial legislation to let state-approved religious leaders conduct marriage ceremonies, a move critics claim risks undermining Turkey’s secular foundations.
The government-championed measure, passed by Parliament last month in the face of bitter opposition, was published on Friday in the Official Gazette following Erdogan’s signature on Thursday, which means it has now come into force.
The law allows “muftis” to perform and register marriages, as well as state-appointed civil servants. Muftis are religious leaders employed by Turkey’s state religious affairs agency Diyanet with the task of taking care of worship across the country.
Turkey is an overwhelmingly Muslim nation but an official secular state under its constitution as set up by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, in 1923.
“The AKP (Justice and Development Party) has taken another step that harms the state’s secular pillars and that moves people away from secularism,” said Sezgin Tanrikulu, an MP with the opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP), which was founded by Ataturk.
Until now, the law has stipulated that even religiously observant couples must be married by a state registrar from the local municipality, not a religious leader.
Critics also claim the new law will open the way for unregistered marriages, and will breach Turkey’s civil code.
The government, however, says a marriage conducted by a mufti is a civil marriage, arguing that the bill is actually regulating secular life, not religious life.
But Tanrikulu said the law was “not an actual need,” and expressed fear that citizens would feel under pressure to have a religious marriage as this would go down in records that could be examined by future employers.
“The seeds of such a discriminatory practice are being sown today,” he said.
Tanrikulu expressed concern in particular that the change will exacerbate an already existing problem in the country with child marriage.
According to the UN children’s agency UNICEF, Turkey has one of the highest rates of child marriage in Europe, with a rate of 15 percent of women married by 18.
“The new law will open the way for child marriages,” Tanrikulu said.
But the law has been a priority for the government and in October, Erdogan told the opposition that the law would pass “whether you like it or not.”
Erdogan and the AKP have been repeatedly accused by critics of eroding the secular pillars of modern Turkey.
Erdogan’s governments have notably eased restrictions on wearing the Islamic headscarf in education, politics, the police and most recently the army.
The government rejects the criticism, arguing it allows freedom of worship for all Turkish citizens and the lifting of headscarf bans merely brought Turkey into line with the rules in many Western nations.
Some European countries, notably Britain, recognize religious marriages, but in other EU members like France and the Netherlands, couples must first marry in a civil ceremony