Some 3,000 cases of cholera have been reported in Tanzania, mainly among Burundian refugees fleeing political violence, the UN said Friday, adding that up to 400 new cases were being counted daily.

So far, 31 people have died of the water-borne disease in the area around the western Tanzanian border town Kaguna, which has been flooded with refugees, the UN refugee agency said.

All but two of those who have died were Burundian refugees, and most were children, it said.

"The situation is serious," Paul Spiegler, chief medical expert at the UN refugee agency, told reporters.

In Kaguna, the western Tanzanian border town with Burundi, on the shores of Lake Tanganyika, over 50,000 refugees are struggling in dire conditions.

"Numbers are increasing at 300 to 400 new cases per day, particularly in Kaguna and nearby areas," UNHCR spokesman Adrian Edwards said.

"At this rate, further cases can be expected over the next days and until the situation can be brought under control," he said, adding that the agency was working with the Tanzanian health ministry and other aid organisations to halt the outbreak.

Cholera is transmitted through contaminated drinking water, and UNHCR said overcrowding and unsanitary conditions in Kaguna, as well as the consumption of water directly from the lake, were believe to have sparked the outbreak.

The agency and its partners are struggling to move refugees from overcrowded Kaguna, situated on a narrow peninsula surrounded by a steep mountain range, to the western province of Kigoma, where the Nyanrugusu refugee camp is located.

They are being moved by ship and by bus or on foot.

While it is risky moving people with cholera, Spiegler said that due to the "horrible overcrowding" in Kaguna, aid organisations had determined more people would die if they were left there.

"We are expecting things to unfortunately get worse," he said, adding though that UNHCR hoped for a turn-around within a week.

UNHCR and its partners also launched an appeal to donors Friday for $207 million to respond to the crisis inside Burundi that has sparked the outflow of refugees.

Since early April, around 100,000 people have fled to neighbouring countries -- mainly to Tanzania -- and Edwards said estimates now show that number could double within the next six months.

The announcement came as anti-government protesters continued to march in Burundi on Friday, defying one of the heaviest pushes by police to end weeks of demonstrations.

At least two protesters were shot dead and eight wounded in clashes on Thursday with police, the Red Cross said, the latest victims of the unrest triggered by President Pierre Nkurunziza's bid for a third term, in which more than 20 people have died.

The crisis, which began in late April after the ruling party nominated Nkurunziza to stand again in the June presidential election, deepened last week when a top general staged a failed coup attempt.
Source: AFP